| Part 1 of this series of articles covered the basic | | | | the section away from your book gently. |
| bookbinding instructions to repair loose and torn | | | | 7. Remove any glue and thread from the back of the |
| endpapers. This article covers loose sections in a | | | | section and place it face downwards on your work |
| multi-sectioned book. If your book has only one section, | | | | surface. Repeat this process for all the remaining |
| these instructions will still give you some answers - | | | | sections, keeping them in their correct order. |
| you'll just be finished your repair faster! | | | | 8. The outside sections of your book may have a |
| Sections refer to printed sheets folded to page size | | | | crease from the original backing in their folds - this is |
| for binding together, with other such sheets, to form a | | | | known as the old groove and should be removed |
| book. Signatures are the letters or figures printed | | | | before you begin repairing the sections. Place the |
| below the text at the foot of the first page of each | | | | section on a hard smooth surface and tap the fold |
| section. | | | | fairly hard with a hammer. A few sections can be |
| Pulling - separating the sections from the original binding | | | | done at the one time depending on the type of paper. |
| - should be done with the least possible damage to the | | | | It is safer to start in the middle of the section and |
| folds of the sections. | | | | move it. |
| 1. Open the front cover of your book and the front | | | | 9. Sections with back folds that are torn or separated |
| flyleaf if it has one. | | | | can now be repaired with "guards". Check the grain |
| 2. Press firmly on the body of your book and pull the | | | | direction of the page to be repaired and cut a strip of |
| cover and flyleaf away from your book until the mull | | | | paper 1/2" wide and 1 1/2" longer than the page to be |
| (the open weave material used to reinforce the spine) | | | | repaired. |
| and the tapes or cords are visible. | | | | 10. Paste the strip on one side and pinch the ends |
| 3. Cut these carefully with a sharp knife. Repeat the | | | | together with the paste side inwards. (This stops the |
| process for the back cover and then the cover should | | | | strip from curling up). |
| be free from your book. | | | | 11. Place the strip in the centre of a sheet of waste |
| 4. Remove as much of the back lining mull and glue as | | | | paper and then place the back of the damaged page |
| possible. If there is still a lot of old glue remaining, place | | | | along half the strip. |
| your book between two pieces of waste hard | | | | 12. Lift the waste paper so that the other half of the |
| cardboard with about 1/2" of your book protruding. | | | | strip is placed on the page and press down through |
| Cover the spine with a thick coating of paste and | | | | the waste paper. |
| leave it to stand for 10 minutes - this will allow the old | | | | 13. Allow the paste to dry completely then trim off the |
| lining and glue to soften. Scrape off the old glue and | | | | excess guards exactly level with the top and bottom |
| lining with the back of a knife and leave to dry | | | | of the pages. |
| completely. | | | | 14. When all your guarding repair work is complete, |
| 5. Turn over the first pages of your book until you | | | | collate the book making sure the sequence of |
| come to the first stitches of sewing thread. Cut all the | | | | signatures is correct. |
| stitches with a sharp knife. Turn over the same | | | | 15. The sections of your book can now be sewn |
| number of pages and you should see the signature at | | | | (covered in another article) and your book can be |
| the bottom of the right hand page which indicates it is | | | | rebound (also covered in another article). |
| the first page of the next section. | | | | Single pages can also be repaired with guarding and |
| 6. Close the first section, grip it firmly in your left hand, | | | | then returned to your book by tipping in (a thin line of |
| press down on your book with your right hand and pull | | | | glue at the spine edge). |